What Is PMS?

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a term used to describe a group of symptoms some menstruating people experience between two weeks and three days before their menstrual period. Although many people who menstruate report various symptoms and kinds of discomfort, the most common complaints are a bloated feeling, mood changes, food cravings (such as for salty or sweet foods), headaches, and backaches. The symptoms of PMS can come back every month and come back at about the same time every month.

Because of their discomfort, some young people with PMS lose time from school or work. These individuals may not be able to do the things they are used to doing. If you suffer from PMS, you may feel like your life is repeatedly disrupted. It may seem unfair if you are unable to do the things you are used to doing. This might leave you feeling depressed, frustrated, or angry. However, there are things you can do to alleviate your symptoms and there are treatments available to ease the symptoms of PMS. The first step toward dealing with your PMS is to understand more about it.

What Causes PMS?

No one knows exactly what causes PMS. One possible cause is a change in hormone levels that occurs before menstruation. Hormones are chemical substances made by glands in your body. The hormones that are most important in the menstrual cycle are estrogen and progesterone.

Although all people who menstruate experience a change in hormone levels before menstruation, not everyone has PMS or menstrual discomfort. Why does one young person have PMS while another does not? According to one theory, the cause of PMS is low progesterone levels in the second half of the menstrual cycle. Some experts believe that female hormones act in combination with brain chemicals to cause PMS. Most doctors insist on considering a person’s whole “self”—their social life, their family life, their school life, and their personal life—before making a diagnosis of PMS. Though PMS is hard to diagnose, it’s estimated that about three-quarters of people who menstruate experience PMS.

Who Can Help Me?

If you have problems with your menstrual cycle or have questions about PMS, you should see a doctor or healthcare provider. You may choose to see your regular doctor, or you may want to go to a clinic that specializes in treating teenage patients (an adolescent clinic). Another option is to see a gynecologist. A gynecologist is a doctor who specializes in treating conditions of the female reproductive system. Some young women prefer to see a female gynecologist. Whether you choose a male or female doctor, be assured that gynecologists are trained professionals sensitive to your concerns. If they are not, you have a right to request another provider or request a second opinion.